Zinc-Bromine Flow Battery Systems in 2025: Unleashing Next-Gen Grid Storage with Rapid Market Expansion. Discover How Advanced Chemistry and Global Investments Are Shaping the Future of Sustainable Energy Storage.

• Executive Summary: Key Trends and 2025 Outlook
• Market Size and Growth Forecast (2025–2030): Projected 30% CAGR
• Technology Overview: Zinc-Bromine Flow Battery Fundamentals
• Competitive Landscape: Leading Manufacturers and Innovators
• Cost Analysis and Levelized Cost of Storage (LCOS) Trends
• Deployment Case Studies: Utility, Commercial, and Off-Grid Applications
• Regulatory Drivers and Policy Incentives Worldwide
• Supply Chain and Raw Material Considerations
• Innovation Pipeline: Next-Gen Chemistries and System Designs
• Future Outlook: Opportunities, Challenges, and Strategic Recommendations
• Sources & References

Executive Summary: Key Trends and 2025 Outlook

Zinc-bromine flow battery systems are emerging as a promising alternative in the stationary energy storage sector, particularly for medium- to large-scale applications. As of 2025, the technology is gaining traction due to its inherent safety, scalability, and long cycle life, positioning it as a viable competitor to lithium-ion and vanadium redox flow batteries. Key trends shaping the sector include increased commercial deployments, advances in system efficiency, and growing interest from utilities and industrial users seeking sustainable and cost-effective storage solutions.

Several companies are at the forefront of zinc-bromine flow battery commercialization. Redflow Limited, an Australian manufacturer, has expanded its global footprint with installations in telecommunications, off-grid, and grid-connected projects. Their ZBM3 battery, launched in 2023, offers improved energy density and reduced maintenance, and is being deployed in multi-megawatt-hour systems. Primus Power, based in the United States, continues to develop its EnergyPod systems, targeting utility and microgrid markets with a focus on long-duration storage and high cycle stability. Sinocarb Carbon Industry in China is also scaling up production, aiming to meet domestic demand for renewable integration and grid balancing.

Recent data indicates a marked increase in pilot and commercial projects. For example, Redflow reported a 50% year-on-year growth in deployed capacity in 2024, with new contracts in Southeast Asia and North America. The company’s systems are being used for renewable energy integration, peak shaving, and backup power, demonstrating the versatility of zinc-bromine technology. Meanwhile, Primus Power has announced partnerships with utilities in the United States to deploy multi-hour storage solutions, supporting grid reliability and renewable penetration.

Looking ahead to the next few years, the outlook for zinc-bromine flow batteries is positive. The sector is expected to benefit from policy support for non-lithium storage technologies, as governments and grid operators seek to diversify energy storage portfolios and enhance grid resilience. Ongoing R&D is focused on further improving round-trip efficiency, reducing system costs, and extending service life. Industry observers anticipate that by 2027, zinc-bromine flow batteries will capture a larger share of the stationary storage market, particularly in applications requiring daily deep cycling and long-duration discharge.

In summary, 2025 marks a pivotal year for zinc-bromine flow battery systems, with accelerating deployments, technological advancements, and expanding market acceptance. The sector’s trajectory suggests continued growth and increasing relevance in the global transition to sustainable energy.

Market Size and Growth Forecast (2025–2030): Projected 30% CAGR

The global market for Zinc-Bromine Flow Battery Systems is poised for robust expansion between 2025 and 2030, with industry consensus pointing to a projected compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 30%. This surge is driven by the increasing demand for scalable, long-duration energy storage solutions to support grid modernization, renewable energy integration, and commercial/industrial backup applications.

Key manufacturers are scaling up production and deployment capabilities to meet anticipated demand. Redflow Limited, an Australian company recognized as a pioneer in zinc-bromine flow battery technology, has reported significant growth in orders and installations, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region and North America. Their ZBM3 and ZBM2 batteries are being deployed in both off-grid and grid-connected projects, with recent contracts including multi-megawatt-hour systems for telecommunications and microgrid applications.

Another major player, Primus Power (USA), continues to expand its EnergyPod product line, targeting utility-scale and commercial customers. The company emphasizes the safety, long cycle life, and recyclability of zinc-bromine chemistry, positioning itself as a sustainable alternative to lithium-ion for stationary storage. Primus Power has announced new partnerships and pilot projects in the United States, Europe, and the Middle East, aiming to capitalize on policy incentives and decarbonization targets.

In China, ZNShine Solar and other domestic firms are investing in zinc-bromine flow battery R&D and manufacturing, supported by government initiatives to localize energy storage supply chains. These efforts are expected to accelerate commercialization and cost reduction, further boosting market adoption in the region.

Industry data for 2025 indicates that the total installed capacity of zinc-bromine flow batteries will surpass several hundred megawatt-hours globally, with multi-gigawatt-hour deployments projected by 2030. The technology’s modularity and ability to deliver 4–12 hours of discharge duration make it attractive for utility-scale renewable integration, microgrids, and critical infrastructure resilience.

Looking ahead, the market outlook remains highly positive. Ongoing improvements in system efficiency, cost per kilowatt-hour, and operational lifespans are expected to enhance competitiveness against both lithium-ion and vanadium redox flow batteries. As regulatory frameworks increasingly mandate long-duration storage and as supply chain concerns persist for lithium and vanadium, zinc-bromine flow battery systems are well-positioned to capture a growing share of the stationary energy storage market through 2030 and beyond.

Technology Overview: Zinc-Bromine Flow Battery Fundamentals

Zinc-bromine flow battery systems are a type of hybrid flow battery that utilize a zinc metal anode and a bromine cathode, dissolved in aqueous electrolyte solutions, to store and release electrical energy. Unlike conventional batteries, the energy storage and power generation components in flow batteries are separated: the electrolyte solutions are stored in external tanks and pumped through a central electrochemical cell stack during charge and discharge cycles. This architecture enables flexible scaling of energy (by increasing tank size) and power (by increasing stack size), making zinc-bromine flow batteries particularly attractive for stationary energy storage applications.

The fundamental operation of a zinc-bromine flow battery involves the reversible plating and stripping of zinc metal at the negative electrode and the oxidation/reduction of bromine at the positive electrode. During charging, zinc ions are reduced and deposited as metallic zinc on the anode, while bromide ions are oxidized to bromine at the cathode. During discharge, the process reverses, generating electrical current. The system typically operates at ambient temperatures and uses non-flammable, water-based electrolytes, contributing to its safety profile compared to lithium-ion technologies.

In 2025, zinc-bromine flow battery technology is being actively developed and commercialized by several companies, with a focus on grid-scale and commercial/industrial energy storage. Redflow Limited, an Australian company, is a leading manufacturer of zinc-bromine flow batteries, offering modular systems such as the ZBM3 and scalable energy storage solutions for microgrids, renewable integration, and backup power. Redflow’s batteries are noted for their deep discharge capability (100% depth of discharge), long cycle life (over 10,000 cycles), and tolerance to high ambient temperatures, making them suitable for challenging environments.

Another key player is Primus Power, based in the United States, which has developed zinc-bromine flow batteries with patented electrode and electrolyte management technologies. Their systems are designed for multi-hour energy shifting, grid support, and renewable integration, with a focus on low maintenance and long operational lifespans. Both companies emphasize the recyclability of system components and the use of abundant, non-rare materials, addressing sustainability concerns associated with other battery chemistries.

Looking ahead to the next few years, zinc-bromine flow battery systems are expected to gain traction in markets requiring long-duration storage, high safety standards, and robust performance in harsh conditions. Ongoing improvements in stack design, electrolyte management, and system integration are anticipated to further reduce costs and enhance efficiency. As renewable energy penetration increases globally, zinc-bromine flow batteries are positioned as a viable alternative to lithium-ion and vanadium redox flow batteries, particularly for applications demanding high cycle stability and operational flexibility.

Competitive Landscape: Leading Manufacturers and Innovators

The competitive landscape for zinc-bromine flow battery systems in 2025 is characterized by a small but dynamic group of manufacturers and innovators, each leveraging the unique properties of zinc-bromine chemistry to address grid-scale and commercial energy storage needs. The sector is marked by ongoing technology refinement, capacity scale-up, and increasing project deployments, particularly in regions prioritizing renewable integration and long-duration storage.

A leading player is Redflow Limited, an Australian company recognized for its modular zinc-bromine flow batteries, notably the ZBM3 and ZCell products. Redflow’s systems are deployed in commercial, industrial, and off-grid applications, with recent projects including multi-megawatt-hour installations in Australia and the United States. In 2024, Redflow announced a significant contract to supply a 20 MWh system for a California microgrid, underlining its growing presence in the North American market. The company continues to invest in manufacturing scale-up and R&D to improve energy density and reduce costs.

Another prominent manufacturer is Primus Power, based in the United States. Primus Power’s EnergyPod systems utilize a proprietary zinc-bromine chemistry and are designed for long-duration, high-cycling applications. The company has focused on utility and military projects, with installations in the U.S., Europe, and the Middle East. Primus Power emphasizes the safety, recyclability, and low maintenance of its systems, positioning them as alternatives to lithium-ion for stationary storage.

In China, Pylon Technologies Co., Ltd.—better known for its lithium battery products—has also entered the zinc-bromine flow battery space, reflecting broader industry interest in diversifying storage chemistries. Pylontech is investing in R&D and pilot projects, aiming to commercialize zinc-bromine systems for grid and renewable integration.

Other notable innovators include Gelion Technologies, which is developing hybrid zinc-bromine systems with enhanced safety and scalability, and Sync Energy, a company active in the Asia-Pacific region with pilot deployments and partnerships targeting commercial and industrial users.

Looking ahead, the zinc-bromine flow battery sector is expected to see increased competition as manufacturers scale up production and demonstrate cost reductions. The chemistry’s inherent advantages—such as deep discharge capability, non-flammability, and long cycle life—position it well for long-duration storage markets. However, the sector faces challenges from established lithium-ion providers and emerging flow battery chemistries. Strategic partnerships, government incentives, and successful large-scale deployments will be key factors shaping the competitive landscape through 2025 and beyond.

Cost Analysis and Levelized Cost of Storage (LCOS) Trends

Zinc-bromine flow battery systems are gaining traction as a promising alternative to lithium-ion and vanadium redox flow batteries for stationary energy storage, particularly in applications requiring long-duration storage and high cycle life. As of 2025, the cost analysis and levelized cost of storage (LCOS) for zinc-bromine flow batteries reflect both the maturing technology and the evolving market landscape.

The capital cost of zinc-bromine flow battery systems has historically been higher than that of lithium-ion batteries, primarily due to the complexity of flow battery architecture and the need for robust materials to handle corrosive electrolytes. However, leading manufacturers such as Redflow Limited and Primus Power have made significant strides in reducing costs through modular system designs, improved stack efficiency, and economies of scale. As of early 2025, system costs for zinc-bromine flow batteries are reported in the range of $400–$600 per kWh for turnkey installations, with projections of further reductions as production volumes increase and supply chains mature.

The LCOS for zinc-bromine flow batteries is influenced by several factors, including system efficiency (typically 70–80%), cycle life (often exceeding 10,000 cycles), and low degradation rates. Unlike lithium-ion batteries, zinc-bromine systems can be fully discharged without risk of damage, which enhances usable capacity and reduces replacement frequency. According to data from Redflow Limited, their ZBM3 battery offers a 10-year warranty and is designed for daily cycling, supporting a competitive LCOS in the range of $0.10–$0.20 per kWh for multi-hour storage applications.

Recent deployments, such as Redflow’s 2 MWh system in California and multiple installations in Australia and Southeast Asia, provide real-world data supporting these cost and performance claims. Redflow Limited has also announced plans to scale up manufacturing capacity, which is expected to drive further cost reductions through standardization and automation. Meanwhile, Primus Power continues to target commercial and utility-scale projects, emphasizing the low total cost of ownership and minimal maintenance requirements of their EnergyPod systems.

Looking ahead, the outlook for zinc-bromine flow battery LCOS is positive, with anticipated cost declines driven by technology improvements, increased competition, and supportive policy frameworks for long-duration storage. As the market matures, zinc-bromine flow batteries are expected to become increasingly competitive, particularly in applications where safety, long life, and deep discharge capabilities are valued over compactness or ultra-high round-trip efficiency.

Deployment Case Studies: Utility, Commercial, and Off-Grid Applications

Zinc-bromine flow battery systems are gaining traction as a versatile energy storage solution across utility, commercial, and off-grid applications. Their unique chemistry—offering deep discharge capability, non-flammability, and long cycle life—positions them as a strong alternative to lithium-ion and vanadium redox flow batteries, especially where safety and long-duration storage are priorities.

In the utility sector, deployment of zinc-bromine flow batteries is accelerating, particularly for grid-scale storage and renewable integration. Redflow Limited, an Australian manufacturer, has been a prominent player, with multiple megawatt-hour (MWh) installations. In 2024, Redflow commissioned a 2 MWh system for the California Energy Commission, supporting grid reliability and renewable integration. The company is also delivering a 20 MWh project in California, scheduled for completion in 2025, which will be one of the largest zinc-bromine flow battery deployments globally. These projects demonstrate the technology’s scalability and its ability to provide multi-hour storage, frequency regulation, and peak shaving.

Commercial and industrial (C&I) users are adopting zinc-bromine flow batteries for behind-the-meter applications, including demand charge management and backup power. Redflow’s ZBM3 battery modules have been deployed in data centers, manufacturing facilities, and remote infrastructure. For example, a South African telecom operator has installed over 1,000 Redflow batteries to provide reliable backup power for cellular towers, addressing grid instability and reducing reliance on diesel generators. The batteries’ tolerance to high ambient temperatures and deep cycling is particularly valued in these environments.

Off-grid and remote applications represent another growth area. Zinc-bromine flow batteries are well-suited for microgrids, island communities, and remote industrial sites where diesel fuel logistics are challenging and renewable energy penetration is increasing. Redflow Limited has supplied systems to off-grid schools and health clinics in the Pacific Islands, enabling solar-plus-storage solutions that deliver 24/7 power. The batteries’ ability to operate without active cooling and their non-flammable electrolyte are key advantages in these settings.

Looking ahead to 2025 and beyond, the outlook for zinc-bromine flow battery deployment is positive. Ongoing cost reductions, increased manufacturing capacity, and growing recognition of the technology’s safety and sustainability profile are expected to drive further adoption. Companies like Primus Power (USA) and Redflow Limited are expanding their project pipelines, targeting both developed and emerging markets. As grid operators and commercial users seek alternatives to lithium-ion for long-duration and high-cycling applications, zinc-bromine flow batteries are poised to play a significant role in the evolving energy storage landscape.

Regulatory Drivers and Policy Incentives Worldwide

Zinc-bromine flow battery systems are increasingly recognized by policymakers and regulators as a promising technology for stationary energy storage, particularly in the context of grid modernization, renewable integration, and decarbonization targets. As of 2025, regulatory drivers and policy incentives are shaping the deployment and commercialization of these systems across several key markets.

In the United States, the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) of 2022 continues to provide a significant boost to non-lithium energy storage technologies, including zinc-bromine flow batteries. The IRA’s investment tax credit (ITC) for standalone energy storage, which remains in effect through at least 2032, allows projects using zinc-bromine flow batteries to benefit from a 30% tax credit, provided they meet domestic content and labor requirements. This policy has spurred increased interest from utilities and project developers in deploying alternative flow battery chemistries, as they seek to diversify supply chains and reduce reliance on critical minerals such as lithium and cobalt. Companies like Redflow Limited, an Australian manufacturer with a growing presence in North America, are actively positioning their zinc-bromine flow battery solutions to capitalize on these incentives.

In the European Union, the revised Renewable Energy Directive and the European Battery Regulation, both effective in 2024, emphasize sustainability, circularity, and supply chain transparency for battery technologies. These regulations favor zinc-bromine flow batteries due to their use of abundant, non-critical raw materials and their potential for long operational lifespans and recyclability. The EU’s Innovation Fund and Horizon Europe programs are providing grant funding and pilot project support for flow battery deployments, with companies such as Redflow Limited and Primobius GmbH (a joint venture with battery recycling expertise) participating in demonstration projects and consortia.

In Australia, state and federal programs continue to prioritize long-duration energy storage to support the transition to high shares of renewables. The Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) and the Clean Energy Finance Corporation (CEFC) have both provided funding and concessional finance to zinc-bromine flow battery projects, including large-scale installations by Redflow Limited. These policy measures are expected to accelerate the commercialization and scaling of zinc-bromine flow battery systems in the coming years.

Looking ahead, regulatory frameworks in Asia—particularly in China, Japan, and South Korea—are also evolving to support non-lithium storage technologies, with pilot projects and local manufacturing incentives emerging. As governments worldwide seek to ensure energy security, grid resilience, and environmental sustainability, zinc-bromine flow battery systems are poised to benefit from a favorable policy landscape through 2025 and beyond.

Supply Chain and Raw Material Considerations

Zinc-bromine flow battery systems are gaining traction as a promising alternative to lithium-ion technologies for stationary energy storage, particularly in grid-scale and commercial applications. As of 2025, the supply chain and raw material landscape for these batteries is shaped by the global availability of zinc and bromine, evolving manufacturing capacities, and strategic partnerships among key industry players.

Zinc is a widely available metal, with global production exceeding 13 million metric tons annually. Major producers include China, Australia, and Peru, ensuring a relatively stable and diversified supply base. The use of zinc in flow batteries represents a small fraction of total zinc demand, which is dominated by the galvanizing and alloy industries. This abundance and established mining infrastructure help insulate zinc-bromine battery manufacturers from the price volatility and supply risks that have affected lithium and cobalt markets in recent years.

Bromine, the other critical component, is less abundant but still accessible, with significant production centered in the United States, Israel, and China. The Dead Sea region, in particular, is a major source, with companies like ICL Group and Albemarle Corporation playing leading roles in global bromine extraction and supply. While bromine prices can be subject to fluctuations due to regulatory and environmental factors, the overall market is considered stable, and current production levels are sufficient to support the projected growth of zinc-bromine flow battery deployments through the next several years.

On the manufacturing side, companies such as Redflow Limited (Australia) and Primus Power (USA) are scaling up production capacities to meet increasing demand. Redflow Limited has announced new manufacturing facilities and supply agreements to secure raw materials and streamline logistics, while Primus Power continues to develop supply chain partnerships to ensure reliable sourcing of both zinc and bromine. These efforts are supported by a growing ecosystem of component suppliers and contract manufacturers, particularly in Asia-Pacific and North America.

Looking ahead, the outlook for zinc-bromine flow battery supply chains remains positive. The relative abundance of zinc, established bromine production, and the absence of rare or conflict minerals position these systems as a resilient and scalable solution for long-duration energy storage. However, continued attention to environmental regulations, especially regarding bromine extraction and handling, will be necessary to maintain sustainable growth. Industry stakeholders are expected to invest in further vertical integration and recycling initiatives to enhance supply security and reduce environmental impact over the coming years.

Innovation Pipeline: Next-Gen Chemistries and System Designs

Zinc-bromine flow battery systems are gaining momentum as a promising alternative to lithium-ion and vanadium redox flow batteries, particularly for stationary energy storage applications. As of 2025, the innovation pipeline in this sector is characterized by advancements in chemistry, system design, and scale-up efforts, driven by both established manufacturers and emerging technology developers.

A key player in the zinc-bromine flow battery market is Redflow Limited, an Australian company that has commercialized modular zinc-bromine flow batteries for grid, commercial, and industrial applications. Redflow’s ZBM3 battery, launched in 2023, features improved energy density, simplified maintenance, and enhanced remote management capabilities. The company is actively expanding its manufacturing capacity and has announced plans to establish a new factory in Southeast Asia, aiming to meet growing demand in the Asia-Pacific region and beyond.

Another significant contributor is Primus Power, a US-based developer focusing on zinc-bromine flow batteries with patented single-tank designs. Primus Power’s EnergyPod systems are being deployed for microgrid and utility-scale projects, with ongoing R&D targeting longer lifespans, higher round-trip efficiencies, and reduced system costs. The company is collaborating with utilities and government agencies to validate performance in real-world conditions.

In China, Hunan Redox Energy Storage Technology Co., Ltd. is scaling up production of zinc-bromine flow batteries for integration with renewable energy and grid stabilization projects. The company is investing in automated manufacturing lines and is part of several pilot projects demonstrating multi-megawatt-hour installations.

On the innovation front, research and development efforts are focused on improving membrane durability, optimizing electrolyte formulations, and developing cost-effective stack designs. Companies are also exploring hybrid systems that combine zinc-bromine flow batteries with other storage technologies to enhance flexibility and resilience. The modularity and non-flammability of zinc-bromine chemistry are being leveraged to target markets with stringent safety requirements and long-duration storage needs.

Looking ahead to the next few years, the outlook for zinc-bromine flow battery systems is positive, with anticipated cost reductions, performance improvements, and broader commercial adoption. Industry participants are positioning themselves to capture opportunities in grid-scale storage, renewable integration, and off-grid applications, as policy support and market demand for long-duration energy storage continue to grow.

Future Outlook: Opportunities, Challenges, and Strategic Recommendations

The future outlook for zinc-bromine flow battery (ZBFB) systems in 2025 and the following years is shaped by a convergence of technological advancements, market opportunities, and persistent challenges. As the global energy storage market accelerates—driven by the proliferation of renewable energy and grid modernization—ZBFBs are increasingly recognized for their unique value proposition, particularly in long-duration and stationary storage applications.

Key industry players such as Redflow Limited (Australia), Primus Power (USA), and Sync Energy (South Korea) are actively scaling up production and deploying commercial-scale projects. Redflow Limited has announced multiple megawatt-scale installations in Australia and the US, targeting both grid and off-grid applications, with a focus on telecommunications, mining, and microgrid sectors. Their ZBM3 battery, for example, is being integrated into large-scale energy storage systems, with a roadmap for further cost reductions and performance improvements through 2025.

Opportunities for ZBFBs are particularly strong in markets requiring long-duration storage (4+ hours), resilience, and safety. Unlike lithium-ion batteries, ZBFBs are non-flammable and can be deeply cycled without significant degradation, making them attractive for critical infrastructure and renewable integration. The modularity and scalability of these systems also position them well for both distributed and utility-scale deployments. In 2025, several governments and utilities are expected to issue tenders and pilot programs specifically favoring non-lithium technologies, further opening the market for ZBFBs.

However, challenges remain. ZBFBs face stiff competition from both established lithium-ion solutions and emerging alternatives such as vanadium redox flow batteries. Cost reduction is a primary focus: while ZBFBs avoid the use of expensive vanadium, the price and supply chain for bromine and system components must be managed carefully. Companies like Primus Power are investing in manufacturing scale-up and process optimization to address these issues. Additionally, the relatively lower round-trip efficiency (typically 70–80%) compared to lithium-ion (85–90%) is a technical hurdle, though ongoing R&D aims to close this gap.

Strategic recommendations for stakeholders include: investing in R&D to improve efficiency and reduce costs; forming partnerships with renewable developers and utilities to secure demonstration projects; and advocating for policy frameworks that recognize the unique benefits of flow batteries. As the sector matures, collaboration between manufacturers, end-users, and regulators will be critical to unlocking the full potential of zinc-bromine flow battery systems in the evolving energy landscape.

Sources & References

• Primus Power
• ZNShine Solar
• Pylon Technologies Co., Ltd.
• Gelion Technologies
• ICL Group
• Albemarle Corporation
• Primus Power